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Supporting Students with Visual Impairments

Students who are visually impaired are expected to participate fully in class activities. To record notes, some use such devices as laptop computers or computerised braillers. Students may confront limitations in laboratory sessions, field trips and internships, but with planning and adaptive equipment, their difficulties can be minimised.

Before or early in the course:

  • Provide reading lists or syllabi to allow time forconversion to alternative formats.
  • Assist the student in finding readers, note-takers or team the student with a sighted classmate or laboratory assistant.
  • Reserve front seats for low-vision students. If a guide dog is used, it will be highly disciplined and require little space.

During the course:

  • Face class when speaking
  • Convey in speech whatever you put on board and whatever other visual cues or graphic cues you may use.
  • Permit lectures to be recorded and/or provide copies of lecture notes where appropriate.
  • Provide large print copies of lecture materials.
  • Be flexible with assignment deadlines
  • Plan field trips and internships well in advance and alert field supervisors to whatever adaptations may be needed.
  • If a specific task is impossible for the student to carry out, consider an alternative assignment.

Examinations and Evaluations

Alternative means of assessing visually impaired students' course achievements may be necessary. They may suggest testing and evaluation strategies like the use of print enlargers, specialised computer programmes or tape recorders.

People with a Vision Impairment - General Guidelines

Contrary to popular belief, most blind or partially sighted people can see something. Just how much someone can see will vary from person to person. A minority of blind people can distinguish light but nothing else. Some people have no central vision, others have no side vision. Some people see everything as a vague blur; others see a patchwork of blanks and defined areas. There are a number of different eye conditions that can cause sight problems.

Some people are born with no vision or significantly reduced vision. Others lose vision due to accidents or the natural aging process. The actual effect of the vision impairment varies widely, depending on the condition, its progress and the person's coping skills. Therefore it is important to speak to the person about the effect of their visual impairment and how they cope, so that their individual needs can be met.

  • Greet a person by saying your name in case the person does not recognise your voice.
  • Talk directly to the person rather than through a third party and there's no need to shout!
  • Don't be afraid to use terms like "see you later" or "do you see what I mean?" Blind and visually impaired people use them too.
  • Always ask the person if they would like your assistance, and if so, allow them to take your arm.
  • When assisting, it is helpful to give a commentary on what is around the person.
  • If you are giving directions, don't point! Give clear verbal directions.
  • Don't assume that because a person can see one thing that they can see everything. If necessary ask them.
  • Similarly, don't assume that a person using a white cane or guide dog is totally blind. Many partially sighted people use these.
  • Always let a person know when you are entering or leaving a room, so that they are not left talking to themselves.
  • Don't leave a blind person standing in space - let them have contact with some object such as a chair, desk or a wall.
  • Never distract a guide dog when working (i.e. in harness).
  • A person using a white cane with a red stripe has a hearing impairment as well as a visual impairment.

Guidelines from The National Council for the Blind of Ireland:

How to guide a blind person safely

Making contact

Begin by asking the person if they would like assistance. If they accept, move into their space and gently touch his/her arm with your elbow.

Grip

S/he takes hold of your arm just above the elbow, four fingers on the inside, thumb on the outside; the grip should be firm. You should keep your arm relaxed and close to the side of your body.

Correct guiding position

You should be half a pace ahead of the person who you are guiding. Narrow spaces - You may need to walk single file when moving through crowds or narrow spaces. Put your guiding arm behind your back, as shown. The visually impaired person straightens out his/her arm and walks directly behind you, taking shorter steps so as not to walk on your heels.

Inward turn

Should you reach a dead end and have very little room to turn around, the easiest way to do so is by using the inward turn. Ask the person you are guiding to turn to face you, then take his/her hand and place it on your free elbow. S/he then release the elbow s/he was holding originally and you turn back together.

Going through doors

Approach the door with the person you are guiding on the hinge side. Use your guiding arm to open the door. The visually impaired person can use his/her free hand to take the door handle from you, then find the handle on the other side of the door, and close it behind you both.

Changing Sides

If the person you are guiding is not on the hinge side, as you approach a door, ask him/her to change sides. S/he will side-step behind you, taking your other elbow with their other hand. To facilitate this, bend your elbow and point it out behind your back, making it easier for the visually impaired person to locate.

Steps

Approaching a step or kerb, stop when you reach it and say "step down" or "step up". If the step is higher or lower than usual, warn the person you are guiding. Always approach steps and stairs straight on, not diagonally.

Stairs

Say "stairs up" or "stairs down". Approach in such a way that the visually impaired person's free hand is near the handrail, if there is one and describe whether it is above or below their hand. Confirm that s/he is ready to begin and then proceed up or down the stairs at a steady pace. Always say when the top or bottom of the stairs have been reached and pause for a moment. If the handrail is on the left and the visually impaired person is on the right, change sides as before.

Sitting on a Chair

If the visually impaired person is holding your left elbow, use your left hand to grip the back of the chair so s/he can feel where it is. S/he can then release your arm, and sit down unaided. If the chair-back is against a wall, it may be easier to walk towards it in such a way that the visually impaired person's leg brushes gently against the seat of the chair. Let the person sit down unaided; never push anyone backwards into a chair.

Getting into a car

Say which way the car is facing, and place the visually impaired person's hand on the door handle. S/he should then be able to manage alone.

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